Steam-boiler.



W. H. WINSLUW'- STEAM BOILER. APPLICATION FILED MAY 28,1914.

Patented Aug. 14, 1917.

3 SHEET SSHEET I.

5 Q C; I

SUPER Arms ULATIN RE aux i I I I WiInesses. lily/9"] 11mm W4 William H VViHEltJW i All'mfneqs,

Patented Aug. 14, 1917.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

WHY-T55 e s I W11 IHEEXETEI'TJ 11am mslmw H mod/WWW ILEE I witiiisgiiiw; i?

- all whomiiiwmy mm Be'it knewn, that Li, W? 41min Wine-Q- mow, zycitizien nit the United Stetee reeide Dari; (if this iii ififlififlfl ifl l biiiier or (if the euperheatixig unit-has be- 65 This inventienreietee to steam ibniiem. I Come the limiting factor. T'he eiiicienuy of e steam pifziiifillVOiVflS Itims been found impossible in commerthe enmbineciweiiicienciee0i? the two main 'ciaibeiiers of the typegeneraily'usecilherea .1mi'te f eiieii e piaiit, neiiiei r. thebmier mini before to obtain supex heabing 'for twoychiefg v 15 th gi V I i 7 reasons: First, in commercial ,bqilers the 70 The em eiiieiemy eif i," engime sizeem remains in contest with a iarge sq y-x pen m em iempemi: 1 5e of the fame of Wiiti from which Wetsteamisconmuitwe iiuiiiernpimyeci in iWCUlCi eientiy given oii' enci sup erheating linder the Well immwii imimuie, 'tiiese mmiitmne isbuii of the. question; see g0 e i end,- the seiii type of boiler will be burned 75". i

iiiifieieiiey 1 and will bedpeiied at the seamsif the tem v v I v i v I, pei ire requisite C0 S1113elhfiating bfi a-p, in which iif irepi eeeirts the viuniii'm'uii izemiaeiqw plied t0 any, partef the boiler 'nbti'covered ture end/ii represents the exhaust oriinai b'y 'ivaimh U l r r tei'nqbeminiizv eQv 'ih'eiewer limit iii the bein b modern p c pe'pilqrt my, ll-W86 A e -mere range "If? is practically fixed by the v i 1 11 hag been the-pt oylswnxpi a, seperaige tempeirehiire mt the atmosphere 0110f the c0n-- 'fiiiipel'heeter but the separate s p yheatez: -15 dBHSi'IMZ Water and increase of. inherent SliiJJBGi io 'nun erpus defect s and it 1s d1ifi-. f

cienc'y limiizeii to iziie-eeie ijo-seiblity of Willi to keep 111.1 1; flpe'ratlon. --One grave y using a, higher initial temperature T of the nger isthe tendencytp burn when 3 been experienced in ivhe. 1 let Jaimie for immieiiing huge quantities (if steam mg e Fiiaxte of ii. 1101s, have mveiiieci. 2L cert-em new 01 which time i. i

fhici ge, in tiiecmuiiyy; eiE Owiie i-ii motive fluid,

.Inesnmch it the duty-01F the imiier to furnish the steam or other. motive fluid,-

degree time.-

eepnhieni imu-niehingr; high pi are high tenwei itiii'e steam, ihe iiaeii bullet" was lie" veie'peifi. 'ii i iewpe (if imiiei" 14; mt .er'miispiiite tem grelge tui'e iilliji, R is the COHSiJMUiJ- uO'lIiI increasing, the the imiimie V. v

,iiinewiecige of thie proferty has led to" 'the modern" practice oi'qsuperheeting the: rnteeurii it passes im'm the boiieritytiib iewiiigg' is afii'uii elem; 001r1--" engine.

cise, midi eliierzi rieeii'riptieiig ireiieiie ee being iimifto tile ecciiiripemyiiig Ci'iilWl i'mec iiier; 0f,i;i1e im-i euseci 'pii'essime their, inecimi 'lmi stiremgiii bee became the "iimiusing "factor in modern boiler ennetrne' of the employee} ili ean at oi ce beieen clmt'ih'e temperature 'I may be raised Withthermal capacity. Ifth'e cepacity'be melded great enough t9 properly superheat' the. eteem Without burning, the sup'erheeter be- But zigeiil, "mechanical- Strength {if the,

iiipeeiiieeiimi bi Ine'ii ers iE'ziIzent. Pflijflell'iiflfl mi iimnimmm ma em, 1914;. Eierial m. MLMiS.

pressure P by inereasin'g comes iiinosij as extensive use boiler itself;

.Anetiier difficulty 1n the use ,uf superheaters-0fthe prior art is the tendency: to

"b11111 we while the iODiieI is beingbrougilt to the prepei' temperature for SB1V1CE5. This [haenecessitatec1 meens ii)!" charging them with Water 011 of screeinn ,the m' ofi' from he furneee during the period of getting up"- swam. 3 Anothei dmiger is that the seams Of the supeii-heeize'r will be stiu'teciin ease shig of Water be rim vz into 'the sup'erheaten The pi'eseii't invention relates particularly in i1, boiler for cleiivering i'iighplfGSSLlfB s11- perheated Esteem.

The chief 0b"'ect0f theinven tmn is 1:01 ymywizie e boiler of maximum, mechanical eti'eingih capable of suppiymg superheated steam at high pressure;

Another object is to provide a boiler with a superheater of maximum inherent thermal and mechanical efiiciency.

Another object of the invention is to provide a furnace of improved construction for realizing to the greatest extent the mechanical and thermal advantages of the above mentioned boiler.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved process of generating steam.

Another object is to provide a boiler structure having the advantages of. rapid circulation and steaming ability.

Another object is to provide a singie-unitary boiler structure in which distinctly different zones ofthermal actionv are continuously carried on.

I have found that the proper design of a high pressure boiler is controiied largely by the requirement for strength. Thermal efii .ciency and mechanical efficiency must also be satisfied but the requirement for strength is the basic requirement. The particular boiler which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings is adapted to carry in practice, pressures of the order of 560 pounds to the square inch. Ihis boiier is characterized by a construction involving of relatively small diameter only. There is I a complete absence of-iarge drums or con tainers under pressure.

Mechanical efficiency in the design of a high pressure boiler further requires sub stantially uniform construction throughout the parts of the boiler which are under ores sure. The thickness of eyed throughout must be substantially uniform due to the thermal coeiiicience of expansion. The thichness must be great enough to sustain the pressure upon'the receptacle with the required degree or safety but the thickness of the parts must not be excessive if an e'liicient transfer of heat through the waiis oi the container is to be effected. The boiler should. be constructed of Wrought metal. It is the oriy material having suiticient strength to stand the pressure under conditions use to'which the tubes are put T joining of Wrought metal tubes and cast metal headers reduces joints which Wiii open con itions of use.

metal wiil crack under continued heat and pressure. Mechanical eiiiciency demands a structure of Wrought metai for the parts subjected to heat and pressure. g

It is therefore imperative that the receptools he built up Wrought metai tubes of relatively. small diameter having thin trails if high pressures are to be safely carried and. mechanical efiioiency and thermal efiiciency are taken account of.

a boiler comprising secti 11s of unitary in- 6 tegraiconstructlon for ed by autogenous in the practice of my 33mins i empioy' the use oi tubes" East nascgeei Welding of the general type disclosed in my copending application, Serial No. 656,179;

This application is for an improvement upon the boiler described in the above appiication and for certain purposes is a continuation, thereof.

In the drawings- Figure 1 iso scheinaticalillustration of the action occurring in the boiler when the same is steaming;

Fig 2 is a vertical longitudinai crosssection of a boiler andfurnace embodying the present invention; and

Fig. 3 is a p-ian. view of the boiler elements shown in Fig.2 with the casing removed and the steam header bent to one side to expose the connection of this header with the risers.

The boiler shown in Figs. 2 and 3 consists essentially of a number of units or sections, each of which is built up of risers 1 and 2, and a plurality of connecting tubes 3 secured preferably by autogenous Welding to the risers l, 2.

The riser 1 is made shorter than the riser 2 and the tubes connecting, these risers are placed at different inclinations at various points of the unit. At the top of the unit the tubes are substantia y level.

At the bottom of the unit the tubes are inclined from the shorter bottom of the longer riser. The tubes intermediate have various inclinations in substantialiyregular order approaching the level position at the top of the section. Each. one of the tubes '3 is Welded. to the headers and in this manner the section be comes one integral piece of metal of great strength. In practice I prefer to form the lower tubes with a slight curvature or bowing to provide for the efiect of expansion by heat.

At the top of the riser 2 of each section, a steam connect-1on4 joins the unit to the steam header 5. This header 5 contains an equalizing pipe 6 for equalizing the steam riser down to the drawn from the various sections When the boiier is in operation. This pipe has a numl to the various units. The total cross section of the apertures is greater than that or" the steam pipe 8 leading to the engine, but the size of the individual apertures is such that considerable resistance would be oiiered to the passage of more than a certain amount of steam such as might occur if the sections were Worked unequallyf At the bottom of the header 2 a mud drum 1'0 aliows any sediment or scale to collect. The boiler may .be cleaned by open ing the mud drum 10 in a Well known manner.

' A cold Water supply pipe 12 has connectlons 13 leading to the various units of the boiler to supply feed Water to the units.

blow-oh cock 11 connected to the in connection with Fig. 1 is representative of the true action of the boiler. i' Let it be I assumed that the uppermost tubes, which are practically level, are grouped and united into one single tube which performs the function and takes the place of all the separate tubes of that group. The intermediate tubes are assumed to be grouped into a single tube as their action may well beillustrated by the action of a single tube but the lowermost group of tubes is represented by a pair of tubes in which circulation of the water is carried on. We have then, as illustrated in Fig. l, the headers l and 2 connected by four tubes which represent three groups of tubes.

The boiler is not completely filled with water, but only partially filled, somewhat as indicated by Fig. l. A definite level is not imperative as this may vary to a considerable degree without afiecting the working of the boiler. As indicated by the arrows exwater is also flowing over a very hot metaltending from the fire box, Fig.1, there are two main paths for the hot gases, one along the side' of the header 1 and down through the tubes beneath the header 2 and out along the sides of header 2, the other path. being traced up through the tubes to a point near the upper group of tubes down through the rear part of the tubes and up to the stack along the header 2, as in the first path.

Both currents of gases tend to heat intensely the lower left-hand corner ofthe boiler. As a result, steam is formed in the lower tubes, which are inclined as illustrated in the drawings and in the diagram, and, due to two distinct actions, circulation of the water in the boilertakes place. The firstaction is a diminution of the density of the water by expansion when heated. A

second effect is a diminution of t specific gravity of the column of water due to the space taken up by steam bubbles. This causes the column of water: at the left of the diagram to become of considerably less denthan the comparatively cold water at the right of the diagram in the riser 2. As a consequence, the level of Water in the two headers will not be the same, the column rising higher in the header 1 than in the header 2. As a result of this action, the Water will tend to flow back to the riser 2, through the inclined intermediate tubes of the boiler. Of course, it is understood that,

instead of a single tube, taking care of all the difference in level, as illustrated diacated in Fig. 2 by the dotted line.

grammatically in Fig. 1, there is a group of tubes which performs this function. Instead of having a definite water level in both sides, as indicated in Fig. 1, the level will vary and will be indefinable in header 1 because of the fact that violent ebullition I to the relatively small cross-sectional area of the header 1 as compared with the ag gregate area of'the water containing tubes which discharge heated water into this The water level is roughly indi- It can now be seen that a circulation is provided header.

in'the lower tubes of the boiler. The water is raised by the mechanical action ofexpansion of the column of Water and by the lie plate in a'thin sheet with a freesteamiug surface in ideal condition} for the rapid formation of steam. This is an action entirely foreign to all boilers of the prior art and 'Iconsider it to be broadly new and to be in fact a new method of generating steam. v

"It is, furthermore, a new method of circulating the water in such a way as to allow the entrained steam to be separated from the water by a mechanical sifting. This action of circulation and separation is ob jectionable in the structure of the boiler disclosed in my co endingapplication. No. 656,179, above re' erred to 'ln addition to the formatidnofsteam, I am enabled by the present structure to secure two added functions, namely, a sup'erheating action 1 and an economizing action. The superheating action is secured by conducting a part .whenit is considered that a great number of these tubes are connected in multiple so that no considerable current of steam is formed in any one of.the tubes, even under I 3. Lature-of'the-superheatedstearn.

:An, ec'onomizing "510M011 is secured-by conthei-riiost "rapid ste'a'ruing of the boileiy but each eithe'tube's is heated-to such ajdegreethat it is-i practically impossible for any moi'stuce .tobecarried from the riser 1 I have found as a resultof experiments that the su thejboller vvill vary in accordance withthe tubes-f. The snial water-tubes} absorhthe I flevel oi Water-in the boiler,fif all: the gases aralirst conducted through theavater tubesbefore 'iin'pingi'nK upon the 'superheating heat il'a pi'dly 'that ij the number oftubes carrying Wateris appreciably changed by yarii ition iii the water content, agconsideiz ablaamountof-variation in the temperature- "of the-gases will result. By. providing the- -.added )athffor the hot gases, superheati'ng' 'willi itlways be accomplished regardless of variations of waterilevel.

.Th'e steammay 'be' superheated ,by con ducting all of the, tu'rnacegases through the :Water I containing tubes] before passing be- .yond-the bailie-,but this manner of operating the boilei' dosnot'permit of so wide arange of ijvater content as is the case whenI pass-i 'a'fpofti'on of the hot gases from the furnace, directly-to the superhea'ting zone, "above; With this latter methodythe boiler tends to maintain-a more'stable and uniform temper- .ductin the gasesafter they, have passed -throng the tubes down between the bathe ll and theflrear header 2 to heat the incomingfeed water It can' be seen -that no direct 'heatf-froln the furnace engages thelower right hand; portion, of the sections. ,The p gases escape, through this portion of the '40 the head'i-fl. .Dil'e tothis arrangement of boiler and pass'to thefiue '17 in contact with i the currents of gases and" to the construction of the boiler, I; am enabled to exhaust the gases into-thestackat or even slightly below the temperature of thesuperheated steam, depending upon thewatercontent of the closedto a greater orlessext'ent,"as desired,

in a single boiler structure.

'culatin'g zone, which is roughly indicated in I Fig. 1. Here the water "is heated to the proper temperature. to form steam and passes upward in the header 1 to the separat- 1ng"zo ne where-the steam, is mechanically separated out and the Water'isfurther heat p i [the necessary heat of vaporization to form the small steam lnlbblesialiovc mentioned The amount of steam,formed is relatii ely H 'edb'y'being projected in thin sheets ivith a free steaming surface over the inside sur face of'the hot tubes. Above the separating zone is superheatlng Zone 111 wh rch'tlie steam-1s heated 1n the absence of any: water surface; SO'aTS to produce a pure super-heating action. -'Ihe furnace gases, although they have spent most of the heat energy arc'still rheatinggaction in the upper part of i from a liquid to a vapor.

vascendin the riser l.

of suf ficienttemperature to -be useful in heat- 7 ing thefeed water and, by'the p[rovi'sion of the bafile and; the smokejflue',

the 'fact is that certain; definite actions take placeiincertain definite parts of the boiler.

,This boiler is capable of very. heavy duty and can stand heavy demands of steam with out failing to perform its duty as a boiler,

superheat'er and economizer.

'The course of-the'water and the thermo dynamic .relatio'nof the water to the fire gases may be traced as-followsz, The Water and that each overlaps define an :eco'nomizing zone, as indicated in Fig. 1.; through any of-the tubes to the steam header. I

. not sharply defined the other, butit is to inability of exact definition immaterial, as

is first introduced in the relatively cold con-- dition at the'feed connection 13. Being rel a t'ivelycold; it tends to'sinkvin the; header 2 but is drawn by the circulation in the boiler into'the -open inclined tube adjacent" the bottom'of the header. Here it'is subjected to the heat from the last pass of the gases and receives a quantity of heatwhich maybe termed thermodynamically as preheat. The heat that-the water now receives tends -tomake. it lighter and it'moves alongthe lower tubes toward the front header' receiving the-.necessaryaheat to bring it to the.

temperature of steam at the given pressure. j As insuthcient heat may belmparted to it iii-one passageoi the tubes 3 -it'1nay be returned-on the circi'ilationto the higher on'es ofsaid inclined tube 3 to the rear steam which is carried in the boiler. In

is a tendency to form small bubbles of steam water has reached the temperature of wet steam at the given pressure. .Before'thc IWQLtGF CZIII pilSS llltO steam at the given tom perature a large quantity-of heat must be.

supplied inorder to drive the molecules apart. Thishcat docsnot raise the temperature oi tlic u ati'ir and serves -merel'y to change the condition or state of the water termed the heat of vaporization.

I The excess heat which is not required to raise the temperature of the water in the bythe excess heat that is applied after the This' heat is lower tubes-3 to the boiling point provides a 100 header 2 and again pass through the transw setube 3 until it reaches'the temperature or substantially the temperature of the which it receives while in the riser expands the steam bubbles and forms additional steam bubbles. As the riser is of relatively small cross-sectional area, particularly as compared with the water containing tubes v are heated by the first .pass of gases both from the flue 44 and from the pass up through the water tubes. This is the region where most of the steam is formed and it is here that the heat of vaporization must be supplied. I provide this heat by the first pass of the fire gases directly from the fur- .nace and thereby secure; the results of generating dry steam as distinguished from generating wet steam, as is done in prior art devices of the water circulating type. In those devices the heat of vaporization is not applied at the free water surface, as is the case in the present device, but is applied to the body of water. The result is in those devices that the steam cannot free itself from the body of water Without carrying a 'very considerable percentage of water with it. The steam which is thus generated and freed passes up into the upper tubes Where it receives further heat which is termed in thermodynamics as superheat.

This boiler is not to be confused with the type known as the flash boiler as it has a very considerable water content, a highly developed system of circulation and a considerable reserve capacity. It is also not to be confused with the waterlevel type of boiler, in which the heating tubes are all located on lower levels than the main Water level, and from a structural standpoint it is important that this boiler be not confused with the sectional type of boiler in which a complete function is not entirely confined to a single section. The advantages of all these types aresecured in the present invention without their disadvantages. The water is separated into small quantities exposed to the heat of the furnace and steaming is very rapid. This is the advantage which is generally secured in the flash type of boiler. The reserve capacity of the water level type is also secured. The ability of replacement'of a part of the boiler, which is an advantage of the sectional type of boiler, is also secured, although this boiler does not expose a single seam or joint.

By the above construction, a boiler' of maximum utility is provided. sections are interchangeable and each section is of such size that it can readily and conveniently be handled by one man and the removal of a section in no wise incapacitates the rest of the boiler. The safety factor of the welded construction is greatly All of the and it is possible to employ this type of.

boiler in locations in which the ordinary boiler would be prohibited. The comparatively small water content also reduces the dangers from explosion.

I do not intend to limit the use of the above described boiler only to the prediction of superheating steam as I am able to change the quality of the steam by working the boiler at a different water content. By increasing the water content I am enabled to produce dry steam, or by varying the water content to any desired degree, I am enabled to produce any desired quality of steam.

Although I have described my invention in connection with a certain specific embodiment and have described in connection therewith certain details of construction, I do not mean thereby to limit myself to any specific construction, nor to any specific details, as I consider the invention to be broadly new and to be capable of being carried out by different means and in different relations than the one which I have set out, as the single embodiment that I have described has been-setforth, not as a limitation, but as illustrative of'niy invention in an operative form as required by the statutes. I further consider the process of generating steam which is carried out in this boiler to be broadly new and intend to claim the same as such.

Iclaii 1. The method of treating water to generate steam which consists in applying heat unevenly to a body of water and selectively causing the hottest portion thereof to separate by thermal action, projecting said hottest portion in a thin sheet having a free steaming surface across a flash. surface and supplying heat at substantially furnace tempcrature to said flush surface in suilicient quantity to supply the necessary heat of vaporization to form steam from a considerable portion thereof, and returning the re mainder of said heated water which is not formed into steam to said body .of water.

2. The method of circulating water and" forming steam in a boiler which consists in heating said water to bring a part thereof substantially to the boiling temperature and simultaneously causing another part of said water to followa closed path of circulation within the main body of water and in causing said heated part of said water to travel from said main body with a free steaming surface over a highly heated flash surface, and supplying heat to said fiashsurfaceat water. v

substantially furnace temperature in sufli a, cientquantity -to furnish. thelnecessary heat of vaporization to form steam froni'a considerable portion thereof and nioving the rejnainder back; to said main body or; water. I f Y The method of forming st'ea'ni which consists in. heating. a, body of waterfto the.

' point ofiformati'on of steam bubblestherein and proj ecting said Water 'and steain bubbles over;aj;l1eatedflash surface to separateby' mechanical action the heavier water par-ti in'a thin sheet "with a free steaming" surface cles from. the steam bubbles and, by. thermal i u action indriving-off the steani' bubbles by 1.5

supplying-heat at si'i'bstantially. furnace temperature through" said fiash surface to 'fur-' nish the necessary heat of vaporization;

consists in; heating the water to ,the' o'in't 9f giving ofl! steam,- lifting a portiono said Water-by 'thermal action; above the mean levelxo'f the water andcausing'it to. run in thin' sheetjhaying"a;free steamingsurface' down: an. inclined flash heating'surface to a lower level and supplying heat at substan tially. furnace temperature to-said flash su1'-' face in quantitysufiicie'nt to'supply thence essaryheat of vaporization of 'a' substantial part and returning the Water: which is not converted: into steam .to the main body of 5;. -The' process of generating steain consists in raising the temperature of the watervto' the point of giying off-steam in an lnclosure and. simultaneously causlng the water insaid inclosu'reto boil upan'd onto a ,'said s'urface'si'n thin films or sheets hayingfree stea'ming surfaces, and supplying said flash surfaces ,lwith heat at substantially furnace temperature'in sufficient quantities to" supply the heat of vaporization for the water soboilingup torform steaml V 6 1-he processof generatmgsteam' m an inclosed s'pacefwhich consists in heating a main bod'y of water to the boiling temperas which is not formed into steam back" into ,sanlmam body. I I

'7. A boller comp r sing a pair of (30111311111 "ture and continuously bringing a'siuall part of said wateriu thin sheets hayingfree surfaces in coujtact-ivithhighly heated flash sur facesto form steam s'upplying'heat at substan'tially furnace temperatureto said flash surfaces'in', quantities sullicient to furnish. the necessary heat vaporization, and draining the remainder of said small part ousris ers adapted to be only partly filled (lu ring normal operation of the'boiler,

plurality'of inclined tubes lying above and a plurality-oiinclined tubes lying below the Water level, and a plurality of tubeslying betweensaid upper tubes and said lower tubes, all of said tubes being connected at ea-a4:

their ends tofthe sidewalls-of said risers I said, tubes and: one: of saidrisers, said ito-formfa container,' means to heat alliofma fegm rising a furnace and a easing adapted to Inake one pass of the furnace side ofsaid riserand another pass of furnace-"gases directly from the furnace alongthe other'side elf-the: riser through the tubes wrought metal tubes welded to said'risersto form an integral unitary piece of metal the p 4 space between the tubes-being-substantially 4:, The process ofg'enerating steamuwhich gases'directly frorp the fumace alongjone units, each uniformly greater :at' thelonger riser than .atthe shorter riser, a. furnacellnder said shorter riser", means .tomake the first pass of the ,hlrnace gases directly, upward through thirtubes connecting said risers to a point above the water leyel, and means for.

conducting a portionvof 'thefurnace gases? below one of said risers,va fire flue leading over said riser and down through the tubes connected to said riser. to form one passage for the; fire 'gases ,another passage for the fire gases belng formed'through the tubes connected to, the lower parts oisaid risers,-

said. one riser lying between and being heated by the fire gases of bothpassages. plurality of inclined flash surfaces at-dilferenthe-ights'to' cause the water to run down] 10/ A boiler comprising? closed cellular vessel, said vessel comprlsing apair ofrisers, tubes connecting said ri'sers, said risers being connected solelyb'y. said tubes, said boiler being adaptedto operate normally with. the tubes and risers only partially filled with water' whereby the; upper tubes; contain steam and the lower tubes contain water, a furnace and lines therefor to cause zones of difi'erent thermal operation in said vessel, eneof said-'fiues conducting continuous risers, said vessel being only-partially filled with water,- a furnace for the -san'1e, mean s to conduct hot ifurnacegases .from the furnace dlrectly over the uppermost tubes and down through said tubes,

and means to guide hot furnace-gases-iu a v, most tulr to produce zones ofjdistmctiy 'lifl'e rcnt rlnaluctlon.

12; in mnrbination, apair of continuous headers, tubes connecting said anaemia.

first pass directly upward through thelower tubes and headers lying in a single plane, cent the ends of the sections have the shorter part only of said tubes and headerscontaim risers, and a smoke flue opening into the ing water, a furnace adjacent one header, casing adjacent the other ends of the secmeans for conducting hot furnace gases ditionsin proximity to the bottom of the 5 rectly over the top of said one header down longer risers, a baflie located between the '70 through all the tubes, a baflie extending fire box and smoke flue and a separate fire from the bottom of the section up to a point flue extending from the fire box to the tops adjacent the water level, and defining anoi the sections over the shorter risers, said other course for furnace gases up through shorter risers forming one wall of said fire part .of said tubes and over said bafiie. flue andsaid longer risers forming one wall 13. In combination, a boiler comprising a of the smoke flue. pair of continuous risers and a plurality of 17. A boiler comprising an integral unitubes connecting said risers, one of said tary structure of interconnected risers and tubes bein filled with water, another of transverse tubes, said tubes lying at different 15 said tubes eing inclined and partially filled heights, with respect to said risers, a fur- 'With water and another of said tubes being nace for heating said tubes and means for at all times substantially free of water durconducting gases at furnace temperature in ing normal operation of the boiler, a fur-" one path through the upper tubes and innace adjacent one of said risers, means for another paththrough the lower tubes, the

20 conducting hot furnace gases upward along upper tubes containing steam and the lower the front of the adjacent riser, and means tubes containing Water in normal operation for conducting the spent furnace gases along of said boiler, said two paths including bethe rear of said other riser. Y tween them and being defined by one of 14. In combination, a boiler comprising a said risers,

25 plurality of sections, each of said sections 18. In a boiler, a plurality of sections, comprising a pair of risers and a plurality each of said sections comprising a pair of of tubes connecting said risers, said risers risers and a plurality of transverse tubes being only partially filled with Water, a casconnecting said risers, said risers being paring inclosing said boiler, a fire box placed tially filled with water, means for support- 30 beneath one end of said sections and having ing each section, a furnace and a casing a fire flue leading over the adjacent risers surrounding said boiler, and providing fireand down through the tubes, a smokeflue flue space aboutone end and above the top r pening in said casing adjacent the bottom of the boiler, said fire-flue space leading diot' the other risers of the sections and a baflle rectly from the furnace.

35 between said fire box and said smoke flue. 19. In a steam boiler, a plurality of sec- In combination, a boiler comprising a tions, each section comprising a' pairof plurality of similar sections, each of said risers and a plurality of tubes connecting sections comprising a pair of risers and a said risers, said risersbeing partially filled plurality of tubes connecting said risers, cor-' with water during operation of the boiler,

40 responding risers at one end of each section a steam header having connection with each being shorter than the risers at the other of said sections at the top of one of said end, all of said risers being only partially risers of each section, a mud drum having filled with water during operation of said an independently detachable connection, boiler, a casing inclosing said boiler, said with the bottom of the said riser of each 45 casing provided with a fire box and a smoke section, a feed Water pipe having independdue, the'fire box being located adjacent the ently detachable connection with each boiler ends of the sections having the shorter risers, section by a pipe connected independently and a smoke flue opening into the casing to said riser of each section a substantial adjacent the other ends of the sections in' distance above the bottom thereof.

50 proximity to the bottom of the longer risers, 20.- In a boiler, a plurality of sections, a bafiie located between the fire box and each section comprising a pair of continusmoke flueand a separate fire flue extending ous integral. risers, a plurality of tubes confrom'the fire box to the tops of the sections nccting said risers, said sections being supover the shorter risers. ported by rods attached to the tops of the 55 16. In combination, a boiler comprising a risers, a casing surrounding said boiler and plurality of similar sections, each of said providing flue space around the ends and sections comprising a pair of risers and a top of the boiler, said casing being provided plurality of tubes connecting said risers, with a. fire box and a smoke line, the fire box correspondin risers at one end of each secbeing located under one end of each of the 60 tion being s orter than the risers. at the sections and the smoke flue extending to the 12 other end, all of said risers being only parbottom of the opposite end of each of the tially filled with water during operation of sections, a baffle plate between said fire box said boiler, 'a casing inclosin said boiler, and said smoke flue. a mud drum connected said casing provided with a fi re box and a to the bottom of each riserand a feed water 66 smoke flue, the fire box being located adjaconnection to each of said sections near the .gases in a ifliower end of. the riser adjacent the smoke 21. In combination, a boiler comprising aair of continuous vertical risers, a plura ity of tubes joined at their ends to said risers and having unobstructed communication with each other through said risers, said boiler being adapted to operate with the level of the Water substantially below the tops of said risers, a furnace below said tubes and means to conduct gases directly from said furnace upward along the front of the front risers down through all of said tubes and upward along the rear of the rear risers.

22. In a boiler aplurality of sections, each of said sections comprising a plurality of continuous Wrought metal headers, a plurality of wrought metal tubes united thereto, said headers united solely by said tubes, all of said tubes being directly and integrally united to one of said headers, a part of said tubes containing water and the remainder of said tubes containing steam only, each section comprising a, unitary integral piece of metal, a furnace and a vertical bafile intermediate said riser for conducting furnace first pass from the furnace to a point substantially above the surface of the water, and a flue for leading a separate pass of hot gases directly from the furnace along the front of said one header and over the top of the same.

23. In a boiler, a plurality of sections, each section comprising a plurality of: continuous vertical headers of \vrougl'it metal and a plurality of wrought metal tubes connecting said headers, said tubes and headers being in a substantially vertical plane, all of said tubes being connected integrally by antogenous welding at one end thereof to one of said headers, each section comprising a unitary integral piece of metal, said one header and another of said headers being partially filled with water during normal operation of the boiler, a furnace and a vertical bailie intermediate said riser for conducting furnace gases in a, first pass to a point substantially above the surface of the water in the boiler, and a flue for leading a separate pass of hot gases directly from the furnace along the front of said one header and over the top of the same.

24:. In combination, a continuous vertical riser adapted to be partially filled with wa' ter during the normal operation thereof, a plurality of tubes connected to one side of said riser, both above and below the water level, a furnace below said riser and means to pass gases from said furnace directly upward through said tubes and along opposite sides of said riser, to a oint substantiallj above the water surface t erein.

25. In combinatioma vertical riser adapt. ed to be partially filled with water, a plurality of transverse tubes connected one above the other upon one side of said riser, both above and below said water surface, a furnace below said riser, a casing adjacent to but spaced from said riser, a part of the furnace gases being passed directly upward between said casing and said riser and over the 'top of the same, another part of the gases being passed directly up to said trans verse tubes on the other side of the riser and a vertical ballle, both parts of said gases being passed over the top of said ballle and down through all oi said transverse tubes.

:26. A method of generating steam which consists in heating a body of water unevenly to bring a portion thereof to substantially the boiling point, then projecting said heatcd portion vertically, then breaking said portion into a plurality of small bodies of water at dill'en-iu heights having free steaming surfaces, then passing said bodies into a heat zone which is maintained substantially at furnace ten'i' ieratures, then draining back to the main body of water such part of said bodies as are not evaporated.

2-7. A boiler comprising a structure of substantially vertical tubes and substant-ially horizontal tubes interconnected with each other the horizontal tubes lying at dif ferent heights, a. furnace under said tubes said furnace being arranged to pass hot gases directfrom the [ire through the horizontal tubes and a fine for conducting hot furnace gases from the fire along the vertical tubes over the same and then down through the horizontal tubes to the stack.

A boiler comprising a unitary structure of interconnected tubes. said tubes lying at difi'crent heights and being connected at their ends to risers, a furnace under said tubes and risers, the tubes at the lowermost height being filled normally with water, the tubes at the uppermost height being norinally substantially free of water and the tubes on interi'nediate heights receiving the water cast up by the action of steaming and draining back to the lower tubes, and a furnace having means to make a pass of hot gases up through the water tubes and the intermediate tubes and a flue from the furnace to lead hot gases over'the top of the risers and down through the steam tubes, the intermediate tubes and the water tubes.

29. In a boiler, a vessel adapted-to be partially filled With water, said vessel-having inclined discharge side at different heights above the level of the water, said discharge tubes having an aggregate of openings greatly in excess of the cross-sectional area of said vessel, means to apply heat to said tubes and to the lateral surfaces of said vessel to cause the Water in said vessel to boil up and discharge a relatively small quantity of water simultatubes connected along its 1 neously to a plurality of said inclined tubes, said heating means comprising a furnace and a casing for causing a first pass of gases directly from the furnace through said tubes to supply the necessary heat of vaporization to the water discharging therethrough and a flue leading hot gases directly from the furnace 2.1011 the side Walls of said vessel over the top 0 the vessel and down through the tubes and a steam connection for diseharg- 1O ing the pressure generated in said vessel.

In Witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 22nd day of May, A. D. 191 i.

WILLIAM H. \VIN SLO\V.

Witnesses:

LEONARD W. NOVANDEH,

JOHN A. DIRUNE.

Correction in Letters Patent No. 1,236,641.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,23 i,ti-H, grunlml Augnsn Ii.

1 1917, upon the application of William H. Winsiuw of (Th King! Illinois, fur an im provement in Steam-Boilers," an error npplmls in the printed spanificatinn requiring correction as fulluws: Page 4,1in0s mu -11 0, for the \WM "nhjvc-Liunabln rum! obtainable; and that. the said Matters-'- Pawnl, should In: mad with this currmrtion therein that the same may conform to tho ruunrd of l-lumum in Um Patent- ()fiivu Signed and sealed this lMh day of September, A. 1)., L917.

Arfing (,mmnissinner of Patents. 

